Do You Need an FCC License? A Comprehensive Breakdown

When and Why an FCC License is Required for Radio Operations 

When does the FCC require a license?

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandates that licensees of ship and aircraft radio stations allow only individuals with the appropriate FCC-issued commercial operator license to perform specified tasks involving transmitter operation, maintenance, and repair. 

Who needs a commercial operator license?  

A commercial operator license is required to:

• Operate specified ship and aircraft radio communication stations
• Repair and maintain those same radio communication stations

The licensing requirements for operating versus maintaining radio stations are distinct and discussed separately below.

If I am operating a radio, do I need an FCC license?

✔ You need a commercial radio operator license to operate the following: 

• Ship radio stations if:  
  • the vessel carries more than six passengers for hire; or 
  • the radio operates on medium frequencies (MF) high frequencies (HF); or 
  • the ship sails to foreign ports; or  
  • the ship station transmits radiotelegraphy; or 
  • the ship is larger than 300 gross tons and is required by law to carry a radio station for safety purposes 
• Aircraft radio stations, except those which operate only on very high frequencies (VHF) and do not make foreign flights

❌ You do NOT need a commercial operator license to operate the following: 

• Ship stations operating only on VHF frequencies that do not travel to foreign ports or make international communications (unless the vessel carries more than six passengers for hire or the ship is larger than 300 gross tons and is required by law to carry a radio station for safety purposes) 
• Shore radar, shore radiolocation, maritime support, or shore radio navigation stations 
• Survival craft stations or EPIRBs 
• Ship radar stations, if:  
  • the radar frequency is determined by a non-tunable, pulse-type magnetron or other fixed-tune device, and 
  • the radar is capable of being operated exclusively by external controls
• Coast stations 
• Aircraft stations which operate only on VHF frequencies and do not make foreign flights 
• Aircraft radar sets, radio altimeters, transponders, or other aircraft automatic radio navigation transmitters 
• ELTs or aviation survival craft stations used solely for survival purposes. 

If I am maintaining and repairing a radio, do I need an FCC license?  

✔ You need a commercial operator license to repair and maintain the following: 

• All ship radio and radar stations 
• All coast stations 
• All hand-carried units used to communicate with ships and coast stations on marine frequencies 
• All aircraft stations and aeronautical ground stations (including hand-carried portable units) used to communicate with aircraft 

❌ You do NOT need a commercial radio operator license to operate, repair, or maintain any of the following types of stations:  

• Two-way land mobile radio equipment, such as that used by police and fire departments, taxicabs and truckers, businesses and industries, ambulances and rescue squads, and local, state, and federal government agencies 
• Personal radio equipment used in the Citizens Band (CB), Radio Control (R/C), and General Mobile Radio Services (GMRS) 
• Auxiliary broadcast stations, such as remote pickup stations 
• Domestic public fixed and mobile radio systems, such as mobile telephone systems, cellular systems, rural radio systems, point-to-point microwave systems, multipoint distribution systems, etc. 
• Stations that operate in the Cable Television Relay Service 
• Satellite stations, both uplink, and downlink of all types 

How long is the FCC license good for?  

The FCC commercial operator licenses offered by Mariners Learning System are valid for the license holder’s lifetime.

⚠ EXCEPTION: Licenses issued before March 25, 2008 (RG, DM, or DB types) had a five-year term. If such a license expired before that date, it must be renewed within the five-year grace period following expiration.

By understanding these requirements, you can ensure compliance and proper licensing for your radio operations.