Do You Need a Captain’s License if You’re Donating Your Time to a Charity? Yes — Here’s Why

I love giving back on the water.

But if you’re donating time on a boat with passengers — even if it’s for charity — you almost certainly need a captain’s license.

That surprises a lot of well-meaning folks. The confusion usually comes down to one word: consideration. 

You might think you’re in the clear because you aren’t charging a fee. But the Coast Guard looks at more than money. Anything of value exchanged for that boat ride qualifies as consideration and could get you into hot water.

Let’s look at how this plays out in real life — and why you usually need a captain’s license even for charity work.

Captain’s License Charity Fiasco: A Church, a Sailing Class, and a $100,000 Lesson

Years ago, I donated time to a community church. They were teaching sailing to kids who came for Bible study, and their heart was in the right place.

I asked the head of the church, “Is the person on the boat with those kids a licensed captain?” 

“No,” he said. “We don’t charge a fee, so we don’t need a license.”

I pressed: “Can anyone from the neighborhood just show up and go out on the boat?” 

“No, it’s only for church members,” he said.

That last bit is the key. In the Coast Guard’s eyes, limiting rides to members is still consideration. Membership itself is a benefit exchanged for access. Technically, that makes the activity commercial. I told him plainly I wouldn’t run those trips without a licensed captain on board, and he joked that I was just trying to sell him a course.

A couple years later, I bumped into him at a pizza place. He said, “Bob, I wish I’d listened to you.”

He told me that during a standard capsize-and-right drill (a normal and fun part of learning on small boats), a child of course ended up in the water. She had her life jacket on, and safety protocols were followed. Still, her parent took the program to court. The operator was fined $100,000 for running a sailing school without a captain’s license.

The bottom line here: If you are on the boat and in charge, you need a captain’s license in most cases — even if you never collect a dollar.

Now, if instruction is delivered separately from the boat (think instructor on a dinghy with a megaphone) and not aboard the student vessel, a license may not be required. But if you’re physically on the vessel carrying participants, expect the license requirement to apply.

Remember, too, that signed waivers from passengers do not equal compliance. You don’t need permission from your passengers to operate the vessel; you need permission from the Coast Guard.

“But We’re Not Charging!” How Consideration Sneaks In

You don’t need to exchange cash on the dock for a trip to be “for hire.” Consideration can look like:

• Membership or affiliation: Church, club, or nonprofit member-only rides.
  
  
• Donations or pledges tied to the trip: “Suggested donation” for a seat, or “give to get aboard.”
  
  
• Benefits in kind: Auction winners, sponsor perks, donor recognition trips.
  
  
• Staff/volunteer programming: If the organization delivers a service on the water (youth lessons, therapy sails, environmental outings), the voyage is part of the value provided.

In each of these cases, someone is receiving value because of the voyage. That’s the trigger.

Other Common Charity Scenarios That Usually Require a Captain’s License

• Charity auction prizes. “Sunset cruise for six — winning bidder only.” That’s classic consideration. The trip exists because value was exchanged.
  
  
• Raffle or giveaway cruises. Tickets sold, cruise awarded — still consideration tied to the ride.
  
  
• Donor appreciation outings. If the benefit is exclusive to donors or sponsors, that’s consideration.
  
  
• Veterans, adaptive, or therapeutic sails. Wonderful missions, but if the organization is providing a program on the water, that is value delivered via carriage of persons. Expect the license requirement.
  
  
• “Gas money” or “cover the bait” cruises. Even casual cost-covering can be construed as consideration.

Captain’s Licenses, Charity, and Volunteer Work: My Guiding Principle

If you’re considering donating your time to captain a boat for charity, I commend your kindness and generosity. I also want to keep you from suffering for your good heart. 

Here’s the principle I live by: If I’m on the boat and I’m responsible, I assume I need to be licensed. I’ve seen how quickly “I’m just helping” can turn into “I’m in court.”

Are there exceptions? Certainly. But living by this principle means you never gamble on whether your nuanced situation truly qualifies as one.

That church story lives rent-free in my mind for a reason. Good intentions don’t shield you from regulations written to keep people safe. If your charitable work includes carrying people on the water — especially if it’s limited to members, donors, clients, or auction winners — run it the right way: with a licensed captain on board.

Stay generous. Stay safe. And stay compliant.